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The American Country Club: Its Origins and Development, by Professor James M. Mayo
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The American country club movement parallels the rise of suburbanization in the United States. Its roots can be found in the exclusive city clubs and summer resorts of the nineteenth century; its growth reflects a desire for permanent and organized places where the wealthy could spend their leisure time. By the late nineteenth century, mass transportation enabled the wealthy to escape the confines of the city, and suburbanization began. Their pursuit of leisure—in the form of city clubs, spas, summer resorts, and elite sports—became the foundation for the country club. Country clubs provided places where the elite could combine their interests in sports, the outdoors, and leisure while separating themselves from those they considered non-elite. The American Country Club chronicles the social and economic evolution of this elite leisure landscape.
The founding clubs were makeshift landscapes that took advantage of existing conditions, but in the early twentieth century, standard club practices emerged. Clubhouse design, golf course layouts, financial arrangements, and the rise of club management furthered the country club movement. Residential developers also learned to use the country club as a way to organize their elite subdivisions and to sell homes. But the Depression and World War II stifled the growth of country clubs. Eventually the country club movement regained its momentum, and corporations began to develop country clubs to meet the growing demand for club life and to treat the country club as a revenue source.
Some critics feel that the country club addresses a basic liberty of social choice whereas others view it as an unnecessary source of social discrimination. Beyond these positions, James Mayo argues that our nation’s political economy is reflected in the country club, which simultaneously thrives as a business and provides social status for its members.
- Sales Rank: #828332 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Rutgers University Press
- Published on: 1998-02-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .91" h x 6.25" w x 9.32" l, 1.10 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 264 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Publishers Weekly
The words "country club" are almost always accompanied by the word "exclusive" and images of cultural islands of economic power, social status and minority discrimination. Here, Mayo, professor in the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the Univ. of Kansas and author of The American Grocery Store, traces their history from the dining clubs of the early 1800s, through the city clubs, and then the blossoming of country clubs in the first decades of the 20th century. The rise of the American country club coincided with suburbanization, new methods of transportation and the desire of the elite to separate themselves from the lower classes. But Mayo goes beyond social and economic history. For example, he includes philosophical debates about the country club as an exemplar of republican (little r) values: one magazine writer went so far as to say "[t]he country club seems almost destined to satisfy the somewhat communistic dream" of such utopian experiments as Brook Farm. The role of sports, of women, of the Great Depression, of WWII and of the rebellious 1960s are all reflected in the changing face of the country club and are all adeptly and readably charted by Mayo. Last but not least, this is also a fascinating study of the growth of an American business?how problems of transportation, location, rules, management, activities, design and maintenance led to new solutions and new problems. Mayo turns one pocket of American history inside out to show how the country club reflects not just wealth, but America's political landscape. 38 b&w photos.
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Mayo (architecture and urban planning, Univ. of Kansas) writes a thoughtful history of the country club in a style similar to his earlier The American Grocery Store (Greenwood, 1993). Using sources that include histories of individual clubs, he first writes of the clubs' origins, starting with exclusive clubs that were established in the cities by men of the elite during the early 19th century. The rules of these clubs provided the guidelines for their successors, the country clubs. The popularity of outdoor activities made the clubs desirable, while improvements in transportation allowed the elite to move to the suburbs and enjoy them. Mayo writes about the impact of golf on the clubs and how clubs managed to survive during the lean years of the Great Depression. Finally, he describes the various architectural styles of country clubs, the development of a club management profession, and the use of country clubs by real estate developers. This well-written overview brings together a variety of factors in the history of country club development. Recommended for academic and larger public libraries.?Linda McEwan, Elgin Community Coll., Ill.
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
To members, a validation of social status, to outsiders, a symbol of monetary or ethnic discrimination, the country club reached its recognizable form after hothouse evolution in the late 1800s. Mayo writes up an institutional history that overarches the parochial histories of individual clubs, widening his overview to reach readers interested in sports, landscaping, architecture, or sociology. After explaining the country club's origin as a sylvan alternative to the urban men's club, Mayo lays out his particular passion for the design of clubhouses. Dozens of photographs crown his critiques of such buildings, which developed to accommodate the country club's evolving athletic emphasis. Originally equestrian sports occupied members, followed by fads for lawn tennis; now clubs are identified with golf. Mayo interestingly quotes what turn-of-the-century critics thought of the clubs (Henry James loved them) and then winds up with the clubs' post^-World War II metamorphosis into a business replete with a managers' association. The only history available, libraries might take a risk and be surprised by Mayo's work. Gilbert Taylor
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